What does détente refer to in international relations?

Détente in international relations refers to the easing of tensions between nations, particularly during periods of conflict or rivalry. This term gained prominence during the Cold War, especially in the 1970s, when the United States and the Soviet Union sought to improve their relationship to prevent nuclear escalation and promote dialogue over confrontation.

Détente involves diplomatic efforts, such as treaties and negotiations, aimed at reducing hostilities and fostering cooperation on various issues. For example, arms control agreements like the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) exemplified how détente allowed both superpowers to discuss and manage their nuclear arsenals, illustrating a shift from aggressive posturing to more collaborative engagement.

This concept stands in contrast to the ideas of increased conflicts, strategic military alliances, or complete disarmament. While alliances can sometimes stabilize relations, they may also create divisions and rivalries. Additionally, while complete disarmament could be a goal of diplomatic efforts, it is a much more extreme and less practical measure compared to the gradual easing of tensions that détente represents.